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所属分类:英语培训
*高中阶段的英语学习,其实就是学习语法,牢记单词,吃透题型这几类~
*作为重中之重的英语语法,很多同学都觉得十分头疼,内容又多又杂,分不清看不懂!
*那就快来看看这份高中英语超全语法归纳总结大全!!学姐已经帮大家整理好啦,这么清晰还不快学起来??
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一、定语从句
引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词?where?when?why?等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。?如:?
①i?will?never?forget?the?days?when/in?which?we?worked?together.?
②i?will?never?forget?the?days?which/that?we?spent?together.
解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词the?days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the?days;
而在句②中,表示时间的名词the?days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。??
同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where?或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。 如:
①this?is?the?factory?where/in?which?i?worked.(作状语)?
②this?is?the?factory?that/which?i?visited?years?ago.(作宾语)
注:当先行词为time,reason,?place时,引导词可以省略。如:?
①this?was?the?first?(when/what)?i?had?serious?trouble?with?my?boss.?
②that?is?the?reason?(why)?i?did?it.?
③this?is?the?place?(where)?we?met?yesterday.??
另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如:
①mr.?jackson?is?the?only?foreigner?that?is?present?at?the?party.
②he?is?one?of?the?students?who?were?praised?by?the?teacher.?
解析:在句①中,先行词foreigner被only修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句②中,who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the?students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。?
二?名词性从句中的易错点
(一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句?
定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词
如:fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。
that在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。如:
①along?with?the?letter?was?his?promise?that?he?would?visit?me?this?coming?christmas.?
②do?you?still?remember?the?chicken?farm?that?we?visited?three?months?ago.?
解析:在句①中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the?chicken?farm起修饰作用。?
(二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点?
1)?名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:
it’s?a?pity?that?he?don’t?come?to?give?a?speech.(形式主语)
we?think?it?possible?that?you?can?finish?the?job?today.(形式宾语)??
2)谓语动词?appreciate,?dislike,?hate,?like,?love,?
make等接由if或when?引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it.?例如:
i?would?appreciate?it?if?you?could?come?to?my?birthday?party.??
3)动词hare,?take,?hide,?punish,?put等,后接由that?引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it.?例如:
①?i?take?it?that?you?will?be?leaving?shanghai?soon.?
②?we?punished?it?that?we?had?finished?the?project?ahead?of?time.??
4)短语动词answer?for,?count?on?depend?on,?insist?on,?
see?to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it.?例如:①?i’m?counting?on?it?that?you?will?come.?②?she’ll?see?to?it?that?he?goes?ahead.?注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it.??
三、代词it、one、that的用法与区别
one泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相当于a+名词单数,其复数形式ones前一般要有定语,否则就要用some.
that(those复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,相当于the+名词,后面经常与介词修饰语连用。?it指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,另外还可表示时间、距离、天气、还可指代人称代词,表示性别身份不明,可作形式主语,形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get?it,?catch?it,?make?it.?
例如:①?i?have?lost?my?watch.?i?think?i?must?buy?one.我丢了只表,我想我必须再买一只。(代指上文指到的同类事物,但不指同一个)?
②?where?is?my?pen??have?you?seen?it?
我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了,你见了吗?(代指上文提到的同一事物)?③?the?land?of?china?is?larger?than?that?of?america.?
④?tome?has?a?red?pen?and?a?blue?one?(或two?blue?ones)?
⑤?he?has?no?child,?and?he?wants?toadopt?one?(或?some)
写在最后吖:
*谁会不需要一个什么高中复习资料都有的学霸指南呢!
*每天为你提供上分秘籍宝典,不用苦学十年也能称霸校园!
*拒绝躺平,一起进步
*篇幅有限,完整可要~