- A+
Unit 1 The Changing World
Topic 1
I. 重点词组
2.learn…from…向……学习
4.in order to为了
5.give support to… 为……提供帮助
6.see sth. oneself 亲眼所见某物
7.keep in touch with 与……保持联系
8.sorts of各种各样的
9.make progress 取得进步
11.thanks to 由于
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
II.重点句型
3. Where have you been, Jane? 你去过哪里，简？
4. She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.她去古巴当志愿者了。
5. There goes the bell. 铃响了。
6. Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy.虽然我没有时间去旅行，但是我仍然感到很开心。
7. Now our country has developed rapidly.现在我们国家发展迅速。
III.语法
1. 现在完成时态的构成：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
e.g. You have just come back from your hometown.
2. 现在完成时态的句式:
e.g. (1) I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.
(2) I haven’t seen him for a long time.
(3) Where have you been?
(4) ——Have you ever cleaned a room? ——Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
3. have/ has been与 have/has gone 的区别
have/has been to sp.表示曾经到过某地—— have/has gone to sp.表示已经去了某地
e.g. (1) I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.
(2) She has gone to Cuba to be a volunteer.
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
Topic 2
I. 重点词组
1. get lost 迷路
2. each other 彼此
3.at least 至少
4take place发生
5because of 因为
6.be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求
7.carry out 实行
8.be short of 缺乏
9.take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
10.be known as… 作为……而著名
11.work well in doing…在……方面起作用
12.a couple of 一些
13keep up with赶上,跟上
II.重点句型
1. Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？
2. ——I really hate to go shopping. 我的确讨厌购物。——So do I.我也如此。
3. But it seems that their living conditions were not very good.但是似乎他们的生活条件不太好。
4. But great changes have already taken place in China recently.但是近来中国已发生了巨大的变化。
5. Because of the one-child policy, now most families have only one child.
由于我国独生子女政策的实行，现在大部分家庭只有一个孩子。
6. What’s the population of the U.S.A.?美国的人口是多少？
7. ——What’s more, the population in developing countries is growing faster. ——So it is.
而且，发展中国家的人口在更快地发展。 的确如此。
8. Our government has taken many measures to control the population.
我们的政府已采取了许多控制人口的措施。
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
III.语法：
常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.
e.g. 1. I have just called you.
2. ——Have you ever been to France? ——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.
3. ——Have you seen him yet? ——Yes, I have seen him already.
Topic 3
I. 重点词组
1.get used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于……
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
4．live a hard life 过着艰难的生活
5.in need of 需要
6.provide sb. with sth.= provide sth. for sb.提供某物给某人
7.one’s success in doing sth. 成功完成某事
8.obey strict rules 遵守严格的规则
11.in the past sixteen years 在过去的十六年里
12.at home and abroad 在国内外
13．pay for 付款
14．thousands of 成千上万的
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
II. 重点句型
1You must come for a visit. 请你一定来参观。
2Well, once they find people in deed, they decide on suitable ways to help them.
他们一旦发现有人需要帮助, 就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。
3I think it is important for these people to feel good about themselves.
我认为对于这些人来说,自我感觉良好是重要的。
4The world has changed for the better.世界变得更加美好。
5With the money, it has built thousands of schools and trained 2,300 teachers.
它用这钱修建了数千所学校和图书馆并且培训了2300名教师。
III.语法
1. 现在完成时: 常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在。
e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.
The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.
2. 构词法:
合成词: home +work= homework
派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappy
Unit 2 Saving the earth.
Topic 1
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
I. 重点词组
1. chemical factory 化工厂
2. pour… into… 把……排放到……
3. in a bad mood 处在不好的情绪中
4. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事
5. do harm to … / be harmful to… 对……有害
6. quite a few 相当多
7. no better than 同…….一样差
8. in pubic 公开地
9. all sorts of 各种各样的
10.in many ways 在许多方面
II. 重点句型
1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.
看, 有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水.
2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化.
3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?
4. I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t stand the environment here.
我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的环境.
5. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’ health.
然而,并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染, 而且有害于人类健康.
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
III. 语法
直接引语和间接引语
1. Granny said, “I’m feeling even worse.”
Granny said that she was feeling even worse.
2. “ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.
The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.
3. “ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.
The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.
Topic 2
I. 重点词组
1. as a result 结果
2. here and there 到处
3. in the beginning 一开始
4. in danger 处于危险中
5. cut down 砍倒
6. change sth. into sth. 把……变成……
7. prevent from 防止
8. greenhouse effect 温室效应
9. refer to 提到
10.deal with 处理
12.cut off 中断
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
II. 重点句型
1. As we know, none of us likes pollution.众所周知,没有人喜欢污染。
2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals.人类逐渐意识到保护动物的重要性。
3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away.树木也能防风固土。
4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants.砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。
5. Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good.
我们所做的, 有些对地球很好,而有些不利。
6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。
7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away.天一下雨或刮风, 土就会被冲走或刮走。
III. 语法
不定代词:
1. 定义: 指的是那些不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。
e.g. But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.
Topic 3
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
I. 重点词组
1. not only…but also… 不仅……而且……
2. be supposed to 应该
3. ought to 应该
4. turn off 关掉
5. instead of 代替
6. on time 准时
7. make sure 确保
8. push forward向前推
9. push down 向下
10.pull up 向上拉
II. 重点句型
1. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.
例如,我们应该用纸的两面,并且重新使用塑料袋。
2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每个人都有义务那样做.
3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先, 你离开房间时应该随手关灯。
4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。
5. Well, actions speak louder than words.嗯, 百说不如一做。
6. There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.
明天有许多繁重的活要干,今晚一定要早睡。
III. 语法
并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。
结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only… but also
e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.
2. They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long.
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
Unit 3 English around the Word
Topic1
一.重点词语
1.be able to=can 能够,会
2.can’t wait to do sth.迫不急待地做某事
3.have a (good) chance to do sth.有(好)机会做某事
4.practice doing sth.练习做某事
5.be made by…被……制做;be made of/from…由……制成;be made in…在某地制造
6.on business出差
7.be similar to…和……相似
8.translate…into…把……翻译成……
9.have no/some trouble (in) doing sth.做某事没有/有些困难
10.once in a while=sometimes/at times偶尔,间或
11.whenever=no matter when无论何时
12.as well as以及
13.mother tongue 母语
14.take the leading position处于领先地位
15.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
16.call for号召
二.重点句型
1.Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。
2.I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。
3.English is widely spoken around the world.英语在世界上被广泛使用。
4.It is also spoken as a second language in many countries.
在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。
5.It is possible that you will have some trouble.你可能会遇到一些麻烦。
6.It’s used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand.
它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。
7.And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English.
并且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
三.语法学习
一般现在时的被动语态
英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者，叫主动语态。
如：We clean the classroom.我们打扫教室。主语是动作的承受者，叫被动语态。
如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).教室被（我们）打扫。
1． 被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）
其中by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者。
如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。
be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）
English is not widely spoken around the world. （否定式）
Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）
Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.
2． 被动语态的用法：（1）在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。
3． 主、被动语态的转换：
主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）
被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语（+其它）
注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态不变。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：
(1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.
(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).
四.交际用语：谈论英语的广泛使用
1.---You’ll have a good chance to practice speaking English there.
---You’re right.
2.---But I’m not good at English. I’m a little afraid. ---Don’t worry.
3.---Is Spanish similar to English? ---Not really.
Topic 2
一. 重点词语
1.by the way 顺便说一下
2.depend on取决于……；依靠……
3.be different from与……不同 4.succeed in成功，达成
5.make yourself understood表达你自己的意思
6.on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
7.see sb. Off给……送行
8.leave for…前往某地/leave…for…离开…去…
9.in twenty minutes二十分钟之后
10.written English笔头英语/oral English英语口语
11.generally speaking一般说来，大致上说
12.as for sb./sth.至于某人/某物
13.be close to…靠近……
14.in person身体上，外貌上；亲自
15.be found of…爱好……
16.be forced to do sth.被迫做……/force sb.to do强迫某人做某事
17.even worse 更糟的是
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
二、重点句型
1. Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?
2.English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries.
不同的国家使用不同的英语。
3. For example, there are differences between British English and American English.例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些不同点。
4 I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland.我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。
5.I hope I won’t have any difficulty.我希望不会遇到什么困难。
6.Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.
无论何时你需要帮忙，给我发电子邮件或打电话。
7.Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland.不但青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。
初中生学习（sszzb_czb）
三、语法学习
用现在进行时表示将来
现在进行时表示将来时，常有“意图”、“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”含义。它表示最近或较近的将来，所用的动词多是位移动词。
如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, die
例：I’m going.我要走了。 When are you starting?你什么时候动身？
Don’t worry. The train is arriving here soon.别着急，火车马上就到了。
表示将来的现在进行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。
如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow.我叔叔明天会见我们。
She is buying a new bike soon.她不久将买一辆新自行车。
四.交际用语：谈论不同国家英语的不同点并了解交际中的身体语言
1.I can’t follow you. Can you speak more slowly, please?
2.Oh, it sounds interesting.
3.If you want to succeed in making yourself understood, you need to know some of these differences
4.---What’s up? ---The foreigner is asking for a ride.
5.Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in pronunciation and spelling.
Topic3
places of interest 名胜古迹
enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun 玩儿得开心，过得愉快
make oneself understood 使自己被理解
get into trouble 处于困境中
have long conversations with 与……长谈/进行较长的对话
have a long conversation/word/talk with 与……交谈
work hard at 在……方面努力，致力于……
oral nglish=spoken nglish 英语口语
in public 公开地，当众，公然地
be afraid of doingsth. 害怕，不敢（谈论我们自己也无法左右的突发事情）
be afraid of to do sth. 害怕，不敢
It seems that+从句=sb./sth. seems to do 似乎，好像
make progress 取得进展
feel like+n./v./v.-ing=would like+n./pron./to do sth. 想要
feel like 感觉起来像……
at times 有时
give up 放弃
ask… for help 向……求助
be good at 擅长做某事
take part in 参加
keep a diary 记（写）日记
feel sleepy 欲睡
fall asleep 入睡
sleep（名词）---sleepy（形容词）---asleep（形容词）
give sb.advice on /about 给某人一些关于……的建议
be weak in 在……方面弱
turn to sb./sth. 向……求助（或寻求指教等）
learn… from… 向……学习……
take a deep breath 深呼吸
out of breath 上气不接下气
read aloud 出声朗读
reading ability 阅读能力
do more reading 多阅读
think about 考虑，思考
give …a try 试一试
hold a class meeting 开班会
share… with… 与……分享……
take notes 做笔记
in one's opinion 依某人的看法
Thank you for doing sth. ！ 感谢你做某事！
lt's an honor to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸。
talk with 交谈
join an English club 加入英语俱乐部
the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好办法
as often as possible 尽可能经常地
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
Good job！（Well down!） 做得好！
remember/forget to do sth. 记住去做……（事情还没做）
remember/forget doing sth. 记得做过某事（事情已做过了）
as long as 只要
stick to +n./v.-ing 坚持,不放弃
agree with 同意
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
what's more 另外
find out 找出、发现、查明
watch a movie 看电影
the pronunciation of ……的发音
want to do sth. 想要做某事
write down 写下，记下
in this way 用这种方法
the number of ……的数量
a number of 许多，大量
be sure to do sth. 一定会做某事
be sure of sth. 对某事有把握
be sure that 确信肯定
use（名词）---useful（形容词）
pronounce（动词）---pronunciation（名词）
help（名词）---helpful（形容词）
Unit 4 Amazing Science
Topic 1
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
too much+可数名词
too many+可数名词复数
much too+形容词/副词
show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb.把某物给某人看
show sb. around 带领某人参观
on show 展出
be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料）
be made from 由……制成（看不出原材料）
be made by sb. 由某人制造
be made in 在……制造
be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
be used as 被用作
be used by sb. 被某人使用
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
send ...into… 发送……到……里
send up 发射
learn from 从……学习
wish +从句（常用虚拟语气，动词用could/would加动词原形）
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
hope +从句
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
dream of/about 梦想;梦见; 梦到;向往
come true 实现
some day 某天
It's said that 据说……，听说……
lt's reported that 据报道……
during one's life=in one's life 某人一生
go this way=take/come this way 走这边
so that 为了,以便于
not only... but also... 不但……而且……
more than =over 多于
be different 
from 与……不同
at that time 在那时
wide（形容词）-- widely（副词）
invent（动词）--invention（名词）--inventor（名词）
different（形容词） --differently （副词）--difference（名词）
come about 出现，发生
come out 出来; 出现; 出版
solve a problem 解决一个问题
in the invention process 在发明过程中
the result of ……的结果
in many ways 在许多方面
most of ……中大部分
none of ……中没有一个
laugh at 嘲笑
make a detailed drawing of 做一个详细的规划，画一张详细的图纸
do some research 做调查，研究
share ……with…… 与……分享
again and again 一次又一次
look like 看起来像……
think（动词）--thought（名词）
silly（形容词）--stupid（同义词）--smart（反义词）
succeed（动词）--success（名词） --successful（形容词）--successfully（副词）
in…direction 按/朝……方向
work well 奏效，起作用，产生影响
work out 计算，算出
work at 做，从事，学习，攻读
work as 从事某种职业
work on /upon 从事，忙于
at night 在夜里
as long as 只要
the rest of ……的剩余部分
at any time 
在任何时间
the shape of ……的形状
Topic 2
in space 在太空
be able to 能够
can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
on soft screens 通过不刺目的屏幕
in order to+动词原形 （可以放在句首或句中）为了……
so as to +动词原形（只能放在句中） 为了……
so that =in order that+从句 为了……
see…with one's own eyes 亲眼目睹
outer space 外层空间
think,believe,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接的宾语从句含有not等否定词，且主语为第一人称时，该否定应转移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。
space flight 太空飞行
on TV 在电视上
on the lnternet 在网上
take part in =be in 参加（活动）
travel into space 太空旅行
something new 一些新的东西
grow up 长大
prefer… to…=like…better than… 与……比较更喜欢……
know about 了解，知道
by chance 偶然
look like 看起来像
solar system 太阳系
name…after 以……的名字给……取名
at a distance of 相隔
at a distance 在远处
in the distance 在远处
be covered with 被……覆盖
two fifths as strong as 相当于……的五分之二强度
half as big 
as 像……一半那样大
twice as long as 像……两倍那样长
the surface of ……的表面
what's more 而且
what's worse 更为糟糕的是
be close to 是与...接近、亲近
search for 寻找搜索
be worth (doing )sth. 值得(做)某事
lt has been +时间段+since 从句=lt is +时间段+since 从句=时间段 has passed+since 从句
自从......已经......时间了
lt takes sb. some time to do sth. 发费某人......时间做某事
there has been 已经有……
go beyond 越过
send…to… 把……发送到……
weigh（动词）---weight（名词）
Topic 3
science museum 科学博物馆
travel into space 太空旅行
must be 一定
be proud of 为……骄傲
another +基数词+名词=基数词+more+名词=基数词+other+名词 再几个……，又几个……
in the past few years 在最近几年
send… into… 把……发送到……
one day 某一天
set foot on 踏上
make great progress in doing sth. 在……方面取得极大进步
during/in one's life 在某人的一生中
take part in=be in=join in 参加（活动）
lunar probe 月球探测器
spend…doing sth. 发费……时间做某事
space industry 航天工业
make one's dream come 
true
=realize one's dream
=achieve one's dream
实现某人的梦想
a landmark of ……的标志
advise sb. to do sth. 劝告、建议某人做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
Thanks for +名词/代词/V.ing. 因……而感谢。
explain to sb. sth.=explain sth. to sb. 向……解释，说明
introduce…to sb. 把……介绍给某人
make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心做某事
introduce（动词）-introduction（名词）
advice（不可数名词）-suggestion（可数名词）-advise（动词）
There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问，毋庸置疑
with the help of=with one's help 在……的帮助下
keep… doing sth. 使……做某事
place and cancel orders 下订单和取消订单
come into being 出现，产生，开始存在
thanks to 幸亏，由于
do shopping 购物
do business 做生意
chat online 网上聊天
instead of 代替，而不是
for instance/example 例如
be like 像……
know for certain 确切地知道
so far 到目前为止
be surprised at 感到惊讶
be surprised to do sth. 吃惊地做某事
on one's own 独自，单独
act/think for oneself 自主行动/思考
treat …as… 把……当作……对待
no longer 不再
a bunch of 一束，一串
along/together with 和……一起/一道（连接前后两个主语时，谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致，这是所谓的就远原则。）
1）就近原则：either...or...；neither...nor...；not only...but also...；not...but...；there be句型
2）就远原则：(together/along) with...；as well as；but/except/besides；rather than；like等
friend（名词）-friendly（形容词）-unfriendly（反义词）
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