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介词又称作前置词,标明它后边的名词或代词与其他语句成分的联络,一般位于名词或代词之前。
英语中介词很重要,今日为我们收拾了介词的用法,期望对你有所协助。
01
介词的功用
介词是一种虚词,用来标明名词或恰当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的联络,不能单独运用。
介词可与名词或恰当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。
介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)
The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)
Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
02
标明时刻的介词
1.标下一年、月、日、时刻等用at,in,on
(1) at:用于标明时刻、时刻的某一点
at noon 正午时
at night 在夜间
at present 当前
at nine(o’clock)在九点钟
We usually have lunch at noon(at twelve).咱们一般正午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
(2)on:用于某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一地利,一概用on)
留心:泛指一般的上午(下午)时用in,但特指某日的上午(下午)时用on。
in the morning 在早上
on sun day morning 在周日早上
on Monday 在周一
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上
on May 4,1996 在1996年5月4日
on a cold night 在一个严寒的夜晚
on the night of July(the) first 在七月一日的夜晚
We didn't listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.上星期三下午咱们没去听讲演。
(3)in:用于标明周、月、时节、年,泛指的
上午、下午、晚上
留心:在this,last,next,every等词前面不能再加介词。
this morning 今日上午
last Friday 上星期五
next Sunday 下周日
every Monday(week, spring…)每周一(每星期,每个春季……)
in the week 在这周
in May 在五月
in spring 在春季
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上
People go skating in winter.我们冬天去滑冰。
2.标明时刻的前后用 before, after
(1) before:在…之前
Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here.(before作连词)他脱离这儿之前,他将给我打电话。
(2)after:在……之后
留心:before和after这两个词都是既可作介词,又可作连词。
Let's Sing some songs after school.(after作介饲)放学后咱们歌唱吧!
Pleas close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)脱离房间后请关门。
3.标明期限等用by,until,till
(1) by:在……前(时刻);到(到)……
留心:由until(till)构成的语句,句中的动词假定是点动词,则有必要用否定句。
How many English books had you read by the end of last year?到去
年年末早年你看过多少本英文书?
(2)until(till):直到……中止(时刻)
比照by和until
by seven o'clock到(到)7点钟(一般和结束时连用)
until seven o'clock直到7点(7点早年)
We didn't begin to watch TV until(till) nine o'clock.(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)一向到九点,咱们才初步看电视。
I'll wait for him until he comes here.我将在这儿一向等到他来。(wait是连续动词,用必定式)
留心:until和till可以通用。它们可以作连词(见上例)而by不能作连词。
4.标明时刻等用for,during,through
(1)for:达……之久(标明经过了多少时刻)
常用的短语
for a year 一年
for a few days几天
可以和一般如今时、曩昔时、将来时连用,但常常和结束时连用。
He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿现已住了二十年了。
We will stay in the city for two days.咱们要在那里呆两天。
(2)during: 在…时刻
They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们方案好好歇息一下。
during the lesson 上课时刻
during the war (the night)战争时刻,夜间 (一整夜)
比照:for和 during
for之后大多跟标明时刻、天数等的数字名词。而during后决不能跟表数字的名词。
(3)through:一向……(从初步到结束)
They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
5.标明时刻的起点等用 from, since
(1)from:从……起(时刻)
标明从……初步时,一般都是用词组from…to…,而单纯标明切当的从几点初步时用at。
The meeting will be held from eight to ten.这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight.会议将从8点钟初步。
比照:since和from
since标明时刻时,一般只用于结束时的语句;而from也用于如今时、曩昔时及将来时态。
另外since还可以作连词(见下例);而from则不可以以,它只能作介词。
(2)since:自从……以来(标明从早年某时一向到如今仍在持续)
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨日就病了。(一向到如今)
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词)这个医生自当医生以来现已解救了许多人的生命。
6.标明时刻的经过等用in,within
(1)in:过……后(将来时刻)
留心:假定用于曩昔时,用after +时刻。
She went to Nanjing last May,and she came back after a month.上一年五月她去了南京,一个月之后她又回来了。
大多用在将来时(一般将来时和曩昔将来时)
in an hour 一小时之后
in a week or so 一个多星期之后
He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后抵达。
(2)within:不跨越……的规模
比照:within和in
within偏重在……时刻之内,没有时态的捆绑。
in是以如今为基准,in an hour是指从如今起1小时之后,所以一般只用于将来时。
within 3 hours 3小时之内
I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我有必要在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
They worked hard. They finished the work within 2 days at last.他们尽力作业,成果总算在两天之内结束了这项作业。
03
标明用处的介词
1.标明“标准或单位”的介词:at, for, by
(1)at标明“以……速度”“以……价格”
He drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour.他以每小时8英里的速度行进。
I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的轿车。
(2)for用……交流
I bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。
How much for these apples?这些苹果多少钱?
at与for都标明价格,但at标明“单价”,for标明总价,at后一般跟“price”这个词,而for后只能跟总钱数。
如:I bought it at a low price.我买它的价格很低。
I bought it at the price of $80 a pound.我以每磅80美元的价格买的它。
I sold it for $10.我10美元把它卖掉了。
(3)by以……计,后跟衡量单位
Gold is sold by the gram.金以克出售。
They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。
2.标明“材料”的介词:of, from, in
(1)of标明从制品仍可看出材料
This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。
This salad is made of apples and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。
(2)from标明从制品已看不出材料
Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。
The lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由某种特别材料制成的。
(3)in用……材料。
常用write,speak, talk, answer等连用。
Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English.他们用英语攀谈。
in指材料时,材料前不必冠词。
3.标明“东西或办法”的介词:by, with, on
(1)by凭仗东西或办法(多用于交通东西)
如: by bus 乘公共轿车,by plane 乘飞机
He usually goes to work by bike.他一般骑车去上班。
He sent the news to me by e-mail.他经过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。
标明搭乘交通东西时,既可用by,又可用in,差异在于用by时,标明交通东西的名词前不能加冠词,而用in时名词前有必要加冠词。
(2)with用……东西
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃打破了。
He stopped the ball with his right foot.他用脚把球停住。
with标明“用……东西”时,东西前有必要加冠词或物主代词。
(3)on以……方法。多用于固定词组
They talked on the telephone.他们经过电话进行攀谈。
She learns English on the radio /on TV.她经过收音机/电视学英语。
4.标明“关于”的介词:of, about, on
(1)of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在
He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天说到了这部影片。
He thought of this matter yesterday.他昨日想到了这件事。
He thought about this matter yesterday.他昨日思考了这件事。
(2)about指“关于”或人或某事物的较具体的情况
It’s a book for children about Africa and its people.它是一本供儿童阅览的关于非洲和非洲人的书。
Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自个的作业吗?
(3)on是指“关于”学术性的或严厉的,供专门研讨用的
It’s a text book on the history of China.它是一本有关我国前史的教科书。
5.标明“缘由、理由”的介词:for, at, from, of, with
(1)for标明“一般的理由”,常与famous,punish等词连用
Xi’an is famous for its long history.西安因前史悠长而闻名。
The city is well known for her large population.这座城市以人员许多而出名。
(2)at一般指“情感”的缘由,一般放在标明“惊奇或高兴等豪情”的动词或描述词之后,标明“因听到或看到而……”
She got angry at his words.她因为他的话生气了。
He was surprised at the news.听到这消息他大吃一惊。