ENGLISHDAILY每日英语(17)商务英语

practices of international trade 国际贸易实务measures to encourage export 鼓励出口的措施
generally, export countries’ governments take economical, administrative measures to stimulate the export of home products and expand foreign markets.
鼓励出口的措施一般指出口国家的政府通过经济、行政方面的措施，促进本国商


品的出口，并扩大国外市场。
1. export credit 出口信贷
export credit is the loan offered by banks of export country to the home exporters or foreign importers in order to stimulate exports and increase the ability of competition of the exported commodities. it can be divided into two kinds: supplier’s credit and? buyer’s credit in accordance with the relationship between debit and credit.
出口信贷是一个国家为了鼓励商品出口，增强商品的竞争力，通过银行对本国出口商或国外进口商提供的贷款。出口信贷按借贷关系可分为卖方信贷和买方信贷。
2. export subsidies 出口补贴
export subsidy is a cash subsidy or favorable fiscal treatment granted by the government to reduce the export price and enhance the competition ability in


international market. there are two forms of export subsidy: direct subsidy and indirect subsidy.
出口补贴是一国政府为了降低出口商品的价格，增强其在国际市场的竞争力，在出口时给与出口商的现金补贴或财政优惠待遇。出口补贴有两种形式：直接补贴和间接补贴。
classification of subsidies 补贴的分类
?? ? ? ?prohibited subsidies 禁止使用补贴
?? ? ? ?actionable subsidies 可申诉的补贴：是指允许使用的补贴
?? ? ? non actionable subsidies 不可申诉的补贴
3. dumping 商品倾销
dumping means that the producer or exporter of a country or region makes sales of a product in the market abroad at the price lower than that usually charged in the home country or even lower than the production cost in order to defeat the competitor to occupy the market.
商品倾销是指一国（地区）的生产商或出口商以低于国内市场的价格 ，甚至低于商品生产成本的价格，在国外市场抛售商品，打击竞争对手以占领市场。
dumping is regarded as an unfair competition act in international trade, violating the principal of fair competition and fair trade.
倾销被认为是国际贸易中违反公平竞争与公平贸易规则的不正当的商业竞争行为，是一种不公平的竞争。
classification of dumping 商品倾销的分类
?? ? ? ?sporadic dumping 偶然性倾销? ? ??
?? ? ? ?predatory dumping 掠夺式倾销? ? ? ? ? ? ??
?? ? ? ?long-run dumping 长期倾销? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
4. exchange dumping 外汇倾销
exchange dumping is that a country manipulates its exchange rates to lower the selling price of its products when calculated in terms of the foreign currency.
外汇倾销是一国降低本国货币对外国货币的汇价，使本国的货币贬值（本国货币贬值有利于出口，不利于进口），争夺国外市场的特殊手段。?