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非谓语动词归于英语语法的三座大山之一,不管在考试中仍是平常的英语阅览中所起的作用都无关宏旨。可是,关于这么重要的语法内容,许多同学们却怎么学都学不透,要么完全不理解、做题时全赖“感触”;要么一知半解,能跳过则跳过。其实,只需办法正确,遇到有关非谓语动词的标题时就会便利的处置,更令人开心的是,在平常的英语阅览中再也不需要绕道而行了!
一. 非谓语动词的意义
非谓语动词首要是一种动词方法,其次是这种动词形
式不能做谓语,归纳这两点,咱们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二. 非谓语动词的方法
非谓语动词包括四种方法,即不定式、动名词、如今分词和曩昔分词。其间,每种方法依照发生时刻和主被逼又包括不一样的子方法。具体如下:
1. 不定式
①根柢方法:to do(标明主动,而且一般标明将来)
②被逼式:to be done(标明被逼,而且一般标明将来)
③进行式:to be doing (标明主动和进行)
④结束时:to have done(标明主动和结束)
⑤结束被逼式:to have been done(标明被逼和结束)
⑥结束进行式:to have been doing (标明主动和结束进行)
例如:
The teacher told us to do morning exercises .
教师让咱们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.
要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.
教师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.
传闻小偷现已出逃了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.
传闻小偷现已被捉住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.
传闻在曩昔的20年里,她一向在这家工厂作业。
2. 动名词
①根柢方法:doing (标明主动)
②被逼式:being done(标明被逼)
③结束式:having done(标明
主动和结束)
④结束被逼式:having been done(标明被逼和结束)
例如:
Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.
在将来,一般人在太空旅行将会是广泛的作业。
Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.
Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.
我不晓得他做过这样一件违背你的作业。
Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.
许多顾客诉苦在那家商铺被缺斤少两过。
3. 如今分词
①根柢方法:doing (标明主动和进行)
②被逼式:being done(标明被逼和进行)
③结束式:having done(标明主动和结束)
④结束被逼式:having been done(标明被逼和结束)
He sat there,reading a newspaper.
他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.
这个正在被研讨的当地可以富含煤。
Having finished my homework,I began to watch TV.
结束作业后,我初步看电视。
Having been told many times,she still can't remember it.
现已被告诉了许多次,她仍然记不住。
4. 曩昔分词:done
及物动词的曩昔分词标明被逼或结束;不及物动词的曩昔分词标明主动或结束。
polluted river 被污染的河流
fallen leaves 落叶
留心:非谓语动词本身不能标明如今和曩昔。非谓语动词标明进行、将来和结束时是相关于谓语动作来说的:和谓语动作一起发生标明进行;发生在谓语动作之后标明将来;发生在谓语动作之前标明结束。
三. 非谓语动词的作用
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外,其它一切成分都可以做。具体如下。
1. 不定式:做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
To learn a foreign language is difficult .(作主语)
学会一门外语是很难的。
It’s easy to see their aunt.(作真实主语,it做方法主语)
很简略见到他们的姑姑。
Tom wanted to have a cup of beer.(作宾语)
汤姆想要喝杯啤酒。
His wish is to be a driver.(作表语)
他的期望是当一名司机。
I have nothing to say.(作定语)
我没有啥可说的。
The teacher told us to do morning exercises . (作宾语补足语)
教师让咱们做早操。
They went to see their aunt. (意图状语)
他们去见他们的姑姑。
2. 动名词:做主语、宾语、表语、定语和补语。
Learning English is very difficult .(作主语)
学英语非常困难。
I enjoy dancing.(作动词宾语)
我喜爱跳舞。
I have got used to living in the country.(作介词宾语)
我现已习气了住村庄。
His job is driving a bus.(作表语)
他的作业是开车。
3. 如今分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。
The story is interesting.
这个故事风趣。
He sat there,reading a newspaper.(作状语)
他坐在那里,读着一张报纸。
The area being studied may be rich in coal.(作定语)
这个正在被研讨的当地可以富含煤。
He saw the thief stealing some money from the bank.(作宾补)
他看到小偷正在从银行偷钱。
4. 曩昔分词:做表语、定语、状语和补语。
He is interested in the news.(作表语)
他对这则消息很感快乐喜爱。
polluted river(做定语)
被污染的河流
Given more time,I can do my work better.(做状语)
假定再被多给些时刻,我会把作业做得非常好。
I found my watch stolen.(做宾补)
我发现我的手表被偷了。
四. 非谓语动词重、疑、难点。
1. 须用省去to 的不定式(do)作宾补的11个动词。
五看(see、watch、notice、observe、look at)
两听(hear、listen to)
三使(make、let、have)
一感触(feel)
根据谐音回主意,咱们可以记做“吾看两厅三室一感触”。
例如:
I saw a big bird fly over the roof of the house yesterday.
昨日,我看到一只大鸟飞过了房顶。
留心:以上11个动词,也可以接如今分词和曩昔分词作宾补,但在时刻和语态上会有改变,咱们以see为例来区别一下。
see sb. do sth. 看到或人做了某事
see sb. doing sth. 看到或人正在做某事
see sb./sth. done 看到或人/某物被......
I see him make the phone call.
我看到他打了电话。(他打电话的整个动作我都看见了)
I see him making a phone call.我看到他正在打电话。(偏重看到他正在打电话,并没有看见全进程.)
We often see him surrounded by much work.
咱们常常看见他被许多的作业围住着.
2.只接不定式(不能接动名词)作宾语的25个常用动词
want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse
3. 只接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit
4. 既可接不定式也可接动名词,但意义完全不一样的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事(未做)
remember doing sth. 记住做过某事(已做)
forget to do sth. 忘掉去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘掉做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 怅惘要做某事(未做)
regret doing sth. 后悔/抱愧做过某事(已做)
try to do sth. 尽力做某事
try doing sth. 测验做某事
mean to do sth. 方案做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能协助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 不由自立做某事
go on to do sth. 持续做另一件事
go on doing sth. 持续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下往来不断做另一件事
stop doing sth. 停下正在做的作业
5. 一切非谓语动词的结束方法都不能做定语,如to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done 和 having been done。
五. 非谓语动词的解题进程
1. 判别非谓语动作的逻辑主语,以此来断定它标明主动意义仍是被逼意义。
①非谓动词做定语时,其逻辑主语是它所润饰的名词或代词。
②非谓语动作做状语时,其逻辑主语是语句主语。
③非谓语动作做宾补时,其逻辑主语是它前面的宾语。
2. 判别非谓语动作与谓语动作的先后联络。
和谓语动作一起发生标明进行,使用以上说到的进行式(to be doing和doing);发生在谓语动作之后标明将来,使用(to do和to be done);发生在谓语动作之前标明结束,使用(to have done、to have been done、to have been doing、having done、having been done和done)。
例如下面几题:
(1)_____ all my money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday with my friend this summer.
A. Spending
B. Spend
C. To spend
D. Having spent
【答案与解析】D “现已花了一切的钱买车”做时刻状语,所以其逻辑主语应是语句主语“我”。“我”与“花钱”之间大约是主动联络,而且“花钱”发生在谓语动作“can’t afford a holiday”之前,所以非谓语动词使用主动和结束的意义,故选“D”。
(2)An exercise method to improve strength and balance is becoming popular in the United States.
A. designing
B. designed
C. to be designed
D. being designed
【答案与解析】B “方案”在这儿是定语,润饰其前的“an exercise method”,所以其逻辑主语大约是它的被润饰词“an exercise method”,所以表被逼。因为“方案”这个动词在这儿本身现已结束,所以使用标明被逼结束意义的designed。
(3)Open your heart, and you’ll make yourself better ______.
A. known
B. knowing
C. to know
D. know
【答案与解析】A ”晓得,晓得“在这儿做宾补,所以其逻辑主语是其前的宾语”yourself“,”yourself“和”晓得,晓得“在这儿是被逼联络,所以选择曩昔分词”known“。回来搜狐,查看更多
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