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怎么拆分定语从句
要彻底理解定语从句,一定要运用“拆分”的思想,把主句+很长的定语从句拆分隔来。
I am looking for a man who is rich, cute and well-educated.
我在寻找一个有钱,帅,并且很有教养的男生。
首先把这个定语从句拆分:
1. I am looking for a man.
2. The man is rich, cute and well-educated.
接下来组合:
I am looking for (a man the man) is rich, cute and well-educated.
括号内a man和the man信息重复了,位于前面的词称之为先行词,后面一词我们可以把它叫做“后行词”。既然信息重复,为什么不克不及干脆删掉后行词?如果直接删掉后行词,会导致一个句子有两套主谓,关系会变得混乱,例如:
I am looking for a man is rich, cute and well-educated.
如果直接保留后行词,会造成重复,为了避免重复(众所周知,英文最讨厌重复),我们将后行词进行转变,在上例中the man变为who,经过转变之后,后行词除了具备原来的词义之外,还增加了连词的感化。
一、Who/whom
后行词是人,就用who/that来替代。但是如果后行词是宾格,即him,them,her,可以用whom进行替代,也可以直接用who。
He is the boy who/whom I will go to shanghai with.
拆分:
1. He is the boy.
2. I will go to shanghai with him.
这两句的关联部门就是the boy和him,也就是所谓的先行词和后行词。为了跟尾连贯,后行词需要前置,句2就变成:Him I will go to shanghai with.
然后再将him替换为who或者whom:
He is the boy who/whom I will go to shanghai with.
有的时候,介词和后行词的关系十分密切,如果只前置后行词,它们的修饰关系就不明显,所以凡是是将后行词和介词一起前置:With him I will go to shanghai.这个时候就只能使用whom替换him,把句子变成:
He is the boy with whom I will go to shanghai.
而不克不及写成这种形式:
He is the boy with who I will go to shanghai
二、Which/that
后行词是表事物的名词,就用which或者that替换。
The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
拆分:
1. The book is written by Tomas Hardy.
2. I am reading the book.
连接:
The book(the book)I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
后行词是表事物的名词the book,所以用which或者that 带替换。
三、Whose
后行词是his,her,its,their,your one s等等表示所属关系的词,用whose代替。
例1:
He is the man whose car was stolen.
拆分:
1. He is the man
2. His car was stolen.
组合:
He is the man (his) car was stolen.
后行词是his,所以whose代词
例2:
You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.
拆分:
1. You are the only one.
2. Your advice he might listen to.
You are the only one (Your) advice he might listen to.
后行词是your,所以用whose代替。
四、Where
后行词如果是地点状语(凡是是介词+表地点名词),就用where替换。
This is the house where I was born.
拆分:
1. This is the house.
2. In this house I was born.
This is the house (in this house) I was born.
后行词是地点状语in the house,介词+表地点名词,所以用where替换。
知道这点以后,我们高中时候纠结的先行词如果是the place,后面该用which/that还是whe外教英语口语培训多少钱,哪个口语班效果对照好re;先行词如果是time,后面该用which/that还是when的问题就迎刃而解了。因为答案藏在后行词之上。
对比:
This is the house that belongs to my brother.
拆分:
1. This is the house
2. This house belongs to my brother.
This is the house (this house) belongs to my brother.
后行词是this house,前面没有介词,是表事物的名词,当然用which或者that。
五、When
如果后行词是时间状语(凡是是介词+表时间名词),就用when替换。
He came at a time when we needed help.
拆分:
1. He came at a time.
2. At that time we needed help.
He came at a time (at that time) we need help.
后行词是时间状语at that time,所以用when替换。
对比:
He came at a time which was just perfect.
拆分:
1. He came at a time.
2. The time was just perfect.
He came at a time (the time) was just perfect
后行词是the time,前面没有介词,是表(抽象)事物的名词,当然用which或者that。
六、Why
如果后行词是原因状语for this/that reason,就用why替换。
I knew the reason why he was late.
拆分:
1. I knew the reason.
2. For this reason he was late
I knew the reason (for this reason) he was late.
后行词是原因状语for this reason,所以用why替换。
对比:
The reason that he explained at the meeting was not acceptable.
拆分:
1. The reason was not acceptable
2. He explained the reason at the meeting.
The reason (the reason) he explained at the meeting was not acceptable.
后行词是the reason,前面没有介词,是表(抽象)事物的名词,当然用which或者that。
七、Where可以替代抽象的地点状语、when可以代替抽象的时间状语,引导定语从句
English is a “fixed-word-order” language where each phrase has a fixed position.
英语是一种“词序”固定的语言,个中的每个短语位置都有固定的位置。
拆分以后:
English is a “fixed-word-order” language.
In this language each phrase has a fixed position.
后行词是In this language“在这种语言中”,可以理解为抽象的地点状语,所以用where替代。
Life isnt some musical cartoon where you sing a little song, and your insipid dreams magically e true!
人生可不是什么卡通音乐剧,只要唱支小曲,你那无聊的胡想就会奇迹般实现。
拆分以后:
Life isnt some musical cartoon.
In that cartoon you sing a little song, and 怎么找一个好的英语培训机构呢 阿卡索外教网,专注少儿英语。your insipid dreams magically e true!
后行词是In that cartoon “在那种卡通音乐剧中”,可以理解为抽象的地点状语,所以用where替代。
抽象的时间状语较为少见,例如:
There are occasions when one must yield.
任何人都有不得不平服的时候。
拆分以后:
There are occasions
One must yield on those occasions.
后行词是on that occasions“在某些特定环境下”,可以理解为抽象的时间状语,所以用when替代。
如果你能够把这些全部掌握,你的定语从句程度应该很是厉害了。