- A+
所属分类:英语资源
??
1.介词的功能
?
介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如:
?
the boy over there is john’s brother. (定语)
the girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
our english teacher is from australia. (表语)
help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
?
2.常用介词的用法辨析
?
(1)表时间的介词
?
1)at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at
midnight。表示在某个世纪,某年,某月,某个季节以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上时,用in。例如:in the ninettenth
century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the
afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上时,用on。例如:on monday, on july 1st, on
sunday morning等。
奇速英语暑假推出针对初中、高中英语夏令营,具体内容如下:
奇速英语国际精英特训营:中外名师+32小时奇速征服初中三年单词+听、说、读、写
招生对象:初一、初二、初三、优秀小学生及同等英语水平的社会人士
初中英语特训营培训内容:
1、32小时速记初中1600高频词汇
2、专利思维导图巧记英语单词
3、直击中考重点难点奇速突破
4、资深外教全面提升口语能力
5、全面提升阅读完形写作能力
6、增强联想思维开拓国际视野
?
奇速英语国际精英特训营:中外名师+48小时奇速征服高中三年单词+听、说、读、写
招生对象:高一、高二、高三、优秀初中生及同等英语水平的社会人士
高中英语特训营培训内容:
1、48小时速记高中 3500 词汇
2、24个故事引人入胜环环相扣
3、聚焦高考重点难点奇速涨分
4、风趣外教剖析英美寓教于乐
5、语法阅读完形写作综合提升
6、足不出川尽享纯正西式教学
奇速英语国际精英特训营更多详情建议登录奇速英语官网进行了解http://www.qisuen.cn/course/?uid=sina,或者直接咨询奇速英语蒲老师电话(微信):18780237521
qq: 2421469696。
2)since, after
由since和after
引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段,但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻,因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去,因而要与一般过去时连用。例如:
i haven’t heard from him since last summer.
after five days the boy came back.
?
3)in, after
in与将来时态连用时,表示“过多长时间以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时,后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时,后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如:
he will be back in two months.
he will arrive after four o’clock.
he returned after a month.
?
(2)表示地点的介词
?
1)at, in, on
at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如:
he arrived in shanghai yesterday.
they arrived at a small village before dark.
there is a big hole in the wall.
the teacher put up a picture on the wall.
?
2)over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是under。
above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是below。on指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如:
there is a bridge over the river.
we flew above the clouds.
they put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
?
3)across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”,但用法不同。across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。throgh的含义与in有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:
the dog ran across the grass.
the boy swam across the river.
they walked through the forest.
i pushed through the crowds.
?
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某个范围以外;in the front of
表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:
there are some tall trees in front of the building.
the teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
?
3.介词的固定搭配
?
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
?
(1)介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn
on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…,
等。
?
(2)介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to,
in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
?
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry
with, be full of, be sorry for等。
?
4.连词的功能
?
用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词,在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。
?
5.并列连词
?
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词,短语或句子。常见的并列连词有:
?
(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also,
neither…nor等。
(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。
(3)表转折关系的but, while等。
(4)表因果关系的for, so等。
?
6.从属连词
?
从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有:
?
(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while,
as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引导条件状语从句的if,
unless等。
(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as,
since等。
(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order
that等。
(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even
if等。
(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that,
such…that等。
(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
(8)引导名词从句的that, if , whether等。
?
7.常用连词的用法辨析
?
(1)while, when, as
?
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句,但用法有所不同。
?
1)当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。while, when, as
都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如:
as/when/while i was walking down the street i noticed a police
car.
?
2)当两个长动作同
时进行的时候,最常用的是while。例如:
while mother was cooking lunch, i was doing my homework.
?
3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as。例如:
as children get older, they become more and more interested in
things around them.
?
4)当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边…一边…”时,最常用as。例如:
just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
she looked behind from time to time as she went
?
5)当从句的动作先于主句的动作时,通常用when。例如:
when he finished his work, he took a short rest.
?
6)当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。例如:
when john arrived i was cooking lunch.
?
(2)as, because, since , for
这四个词都可表原因,但用法有区别
。
?
1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。因此,because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如:
i stayed at home because it rained.
---why aren’t you going?
---because i don’t want to.
?
2)如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。since比as稍微正式一点。as和since
引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:
as he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
since i have no money, i can’t buy any food.
?
3)for用来补充说明一种理由,因此,for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。for引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如:
i decided to stop and have lunch----for i was feeling quite
hungry.
?
(3)if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如:
i wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
i don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:
?
1)引导主语从句时。例如:
whether he will come to the party is unknown.
?
2)引导表语从句时。例如:
the question is whether i can pass the exam.
?
3)在不定式前。例如:
i haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
?
(4)so…that, such…that
?
1)so…that中的so是个副词,其后只能跟形容词或副词,而such…that中的such是个形容词,后接名词或名词短语。例如:
i’m so tired that i can’t walk any farther.
it was such a warm day that he went swimming.
?
2)如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时,用so,不用such。例如:
he has so little education that he is unable to get a
job.
i have had so many falls that i am black and blue all
over.
?
(5)either…or…, neither…nor, not only…but
also…
这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时,
谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如:
either you or he is wrong.
neither he nor his children like fish.
not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the
book.
?
(6)although, but
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“although he
is
over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为:although he is
over sixty, he works as hard as others.或he is over sixty, but he
works as hard as others.
?
(7)because, so
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如:我们不能说“because
john
was ill, so i took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为because john was ill,
i took him to the doctor.或john was ill, so i took him to the
doctor.????